Case Study 02 UX Research / Usability Testing

McDonald's — where the app breaks.

A remote usability study on the McDonald's mobile ordering app. Eight participants, three task scenarios, one clear conclusion: brand recognition only gets you to the download. The interface has to do the rest.

Role
UX Researcher
Test Facilitator
Team
Team of 4
UX researchers
Method
Remote moderated
usability testing
Year
November 2023
01 / Overview

Brand recognition gets the download. The app has to keep you.

The Project

McDonald's is one of the most recognisable brands in fast food. But recognition alone doesn't survive a competitive market. As the mobile app is the primary ordering surface for many customers, we wanted to know whether it was actually carrying its weight.

We ran a preliminary heuristic evaluation that surfaced potential issues, then designed and conducted a structured usability study to test those issues with real users. The output was a prioritised set of recommendations the team could act on.

02 / Study Design

Eight users. Three tasks. One goal.

Participants

We recruited eight participants in their early to mid twenties. Half were existing McDonald's app users, half had never used it before. All had some experience buying fast food. Participants were asked to download the app prior to the session but received no preview of what the test would involve.

8users
Participants tested
4 / 4
New vs existing split
3tasks
Scenarios per session
100%
Remote via Zoom
Method

Sessions were run remotely over Zoom, with participants screen-sharing their phones while the team observed and took notes. Each recording was reviewed afterward to code observations consistently across sessions.

Participants worked through three task scenarios, each chosen to surface a different kind of friction:

Task 01
Add fries to favourites, then locate them.
Steps Required
  • Open the app
  • Login or sign up
  • Find the product
  • Add to favourites
  • Locate the favourites page
Task 02
Order a Happy Meal Hamburger for pickup.
Steps Required
  • Open the app
  • Login or sign up
  • Find the product
  • Customise the order
  • Add to cart and order
Task 03
Place a delivery order for a Big Mac extra value meal.
Steps Required
  • Open the app
  • Login or sign up
  • Find the product
  • Convert to extra value meal
  • Add to cart and order
03 / Top-Level Findings

The numbers told a clear story.

What the data showed

Across all eight participants and three tasks, certain issues showed up again and again. We coded each issue, counted instances, and surfaced the most frequent ones for the team to prioritise.

Issue
What we observed
Frequency
Finding favourites
Users struggled to find the favourites page. Most found its placement in the "Recent Orders" section confusing.
7/ 8
Search bar dead-end
One user attempted to find favourites through the search bar, but the search didn't surface the page.
2/ 8
Overall satisfaction
Despite the friction points, most participants reported satisfaction with the app overall.
7/ 8
04 / Task Findings

Each task surfaced its own friction.

Per-task analysis

Below is a breakdown of the key issues that emerged in each task, paired with the design improvements we'd recommend.

Task 01 / Favourites

Most users couldn't find the favourites page.

What we observed
  • The favourites page was hidden inside "Recent Orders," which most users found confusing.
  • All four new users failed to discover the feature without help. Only one existing user found it unaided.
Areas of improvement
  • Reposition the favourites page so it lives at a top-level tab.
  • Add multiple discoverable pathways so users aren't dependent on one entry point.
Task 02 / Happy Meal

Product labelling caused real confusion.

What we observed
  • Several users struggled to find the Happy Meal Hamburger in the menu hierarchy.
  • One user tried to convert a standard hamburger into a Happy Meal item and couldn't.
Areas of improvement
  • Improve product labelling so kids' meals are clearly distinguished from the main menu.
  • Allow standard items to be configured into Happy Meals where applicable.
Task 03 / Big Mac Extra Value Meal

Users couldn't tell the meal from the sandwich.

What we observed
  • All users were frustrated that "Big Mac Extra Value Meal" was labelled simply as "Big Mac" in the menu.
  • The proper title only appeared after pressing "make it a deal" inside the Big Mac product page.
Areas of improvement
  • Surface meals as their own browse-able section rather than nesting them inside individual sandwich pages.
  • Use clearer labelling on the menu so users see the meal version upfront.
General / Sign-up

The sign-up wall was a conversion killer.

What we observed
  • Users were frustrated by how extensive the sign-up was: email, card, address, phone.
  • Multiple users mentioned they would have abandoned the order if they hadn't been participating in the test.
Areas of improvement
  • Allow guest checkout for first-time users.
  • Defer non-essential information like phone number until later in the relationship.
General / Location & Search

Repeating yourself shouldn't be a tax.

What we observed
  • Users were frustrated by repeated requests for location access.
  • The search bar didn't suggest results, becoming a dead-end for many.
Areas of improvement
  • Store previously entered address and location data so users don't repeat themselves.
  • Add live search suggestions to surface products as users type.
05 / Recommendations

What to fix, in order of urgency.

Prioritised actions

We grouped recommendations into urgent (issues actively losing users) and minor (issues worth fixing but less critical). The order matters: fixing the urgent ones first protects revenue and user trust.

Urgent
Fix the favourites section.

Users couldn't find favourites. The current placement costs the company orders from returning customers, which is exactly who favourites is for.

Urgent
Add visual guidance.

The app lacks signifiers and onboarding. Users are dropped into the experience and expected to figure it out. Add lightweight tooltips and clearer iconography.

Urgent
Make sign-up shorter.

The current sign-up flow is the single biggest abandonment risk. Allow guest checkout, and only collect what's strictly necessary upfront.

Minor
Surface meals as their own category.

"Big Mac Extra Value Meal" should not require digging. A dedicated meals section solves this and helps upsell.

Minor
Time-aware menus.

Breakfast items disappear when breakfast ends, but users want to order ahead. Let the menu reflect ordering windows, not preparation windows.

Minor
Make search suggest results.

A search bar without suggestions is a dead-end. Add live results as users type so they aren't punished for spelling.

06 / Conclusion

A small study with a clear verdict.

Summary

Across all three tasks, the same shape of problem repeated itself: users struggled with feature discovery, the sign-up was heavier than it needed to be, and items were buried where users wouldn't intuitively look for them. None of these are unfixable. Most are decisions that have drifted out of alignment with how customers actually use the app.

The result is a product that benefits from the McDonald's brand more than it deserves. The brand opens the door, the app has to do the rest.

"

Brand gets you the download. Interface earns the second order.

What I learned

This was my first end-to-end usability study with a real team and a clear deliverable. Three things stuck:

One, recruiting the right participants is half the project. Mixing new and existing users gave us range we wouldn't have had with a single audience.

Two, consistency between facilitators is harder than it looks. We had to align on phrasing of tasks and instructions early to make findings comparable across sessions.

Three, frequency tells you what to fix; severity tells you what to fix first. Both matter, and they're not the same.

Next Project / 03

Toronto Cupcakes.

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